Count items in database as much as possible (#344)

* Count items in database as much as possible

* Fix the tests

* Remove two useless queries

* Run pragma directive before each sqlite connection

* Pragma for tests too

* Remove debug messages
This commit is contained in:
Baptiste Gelez 2018-12-14 23:16:18 +01:00 committed by GitHub
parent b0089e59b7
commit 38302203f4
No known key found for this signature in database
GPG Key ID: 4AEE18F83AFDEB23
19 changed files with 109 additions and 60 deletions

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@ -83,6 +83,15 @@ impl Blog {
.expect("Blog::list_authors: author loading error") .expect("Blog::list_authors: author loading error")
} }
pub fn count_authors(&self, conn: &Connection) -> i64 {
use schema::blog_authors;
blog_authors::table
.filter(blog_authors::blog_id.eq(self.id))
.count()
.get_result(conn)
.expect("Blog::count_authors: count loading error")
}
pub fn find_for_author(conn: &Connection, author: &User) -> Vec<Blog> { pub fn find_for_author(conn: &Connection, author: &User) -> Vec<Blog> {
use schema::blog_authors; use schema::blog_authors;
let author_ids = blog_authors::table let author_ids = blog_authors::table

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@ -56,16 +56,16 @@ impl Comment {
Post::get(conn, self.post_id).expect("Comment::get_post: post error") Post::get(conn, self.post_id).expect("Comment::get_post: post error")
} }
pub fn count_local(conn: &Connection) -> usize { pub fn count_local(conn: &Connection) -> i64 {
use schema::users; use schema::users;
let local_authors = users::table let local_authors = users::table
.filter(users::instance_id.eq(Instance::local_id(conn))) .filter(users::instance_id.eq(Instance::local_id(conn)))
.select(users::id); .select(users::id);
comments::table comments::table
.filter(comments::author_id.eq_any(local_authors)) .filter(comments::author_id.eq_any(local_authors))
.load::<Comment>(conn) .count()
.get_result(conn)
.expect("Comment::count_local: loading error") .expect("Comment::count_local: loading error")
.len() // TODO count in database?
} }
pub fn get_responses(&self, conn: &Connection) -> Vec<Comment> { pub fn get_responses(&self, conn: &Connection) -> Vec<Comment> {

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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
use diesel::r2d2::{ConnectionManager, Pool, PooledConnection}; use diesel::{dsl::sql_query, r2d2::{ConnectionManager, CustomizeConnection, Error as ConnError, Pool, PooledConnection}, ConnectionError, RunQueryDsl};
use rocket::{ use rocket::{
http::Status, http::Status,
request::{self, FromRequest}, request::{self, FromRequest},
@ -38,3 +38,15 @@ impl Deref for DbConn {
&self.0 &self.0
} }
} }
// Execute a pragma for every new sqlite connection
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct PragmaForeignKey;
impl CustomizeConnection<Connection, ConnError> for PragmaForeignKey {
#[cfg(feature = "sqlite")] // will default to an empty function for postgres
fn on_acquire(&self, conn: &mut Connection) -> Result<(), ConnError> {
sql_query("PRAGMA foreign_keys = on;").execute(conn)
.map(|_| ())
.map_err(|_| ConnError::ConnectionError(ConnectionError::BadConnection(String::from("PRAGMA foreign_keys = on failed"))))
}
}

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@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ pub fn ap_url(url: &str) -> String {
#[cfg(test)] #[cfg(test)]
#[macro_use] #[macro_use]
mod tests { mod tests {
use diesel::Connection; use diesel::{dsl::sql_query, Connection, RunQueryDsl};
use Connection as Conn; use Connection as Conn;
use DATABASE_URL; use DATABASE_URL;
@ -238,6 +238,8 @@ mod tests {
let conn = let conn =
Conn::establish(&*DATABASE_URL.as_str()).expect("Couldn't connect to the database"); Conn::establish(&*DATABASE_URL.as_str()).expect("Couldn't connect to the database");
embedded_migrations::run(&conn).expect("Couldn't run migrations"); embedded_migrations::run(&conn).expect("Couldn't run migrations");
#[cfg(feature = "sqlite")]
sql_query("PRAGMA foreign_keys = on;").execute(&conn).expect("PRAGMA foreign_keys fail");
conn conn
} }
} }

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@ -48,6 +48,14 @@ impl Notification {
.expect("Notification::find_for_user: notification loading error") .expect("Notification::find_for_user: notification loading error")
} }
pub fn count_for_user(conn: &Connection, user: &User) -> i64 {
notifications::table
.filter(notifications::user_id.eq(user.id))
.count()
.get_result(conn)
.expect("Notification::count_for_user: count loading error")
}
pub fn page_for_user( pub fn page_for_user(
conn: &Connection, conn: &Connection,
user: &User, user: &User,

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@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ use serde_json;
use blogs::Blog; use blogs::Blog;
use instance::Instance; use instance::Instance;
use likes::Like;
use medias::Media; use medias::Media;
use mentions::Mention; use mentions::Mention;
use plume_api::posts::PostEndpoint; use plume_api::posts::PostEndpoint;
@ -24,7 +23,6 @@ use plume_common::{
utils::md_to_html, utils::md_to_html,
}; };
use post_authors::*; use post_authors::*;
use reshares::Reshare;
use safe_string::SafeString; use safe_string::SafeString;
use search::Searcher; use search::Searcher;
use schema::posts; use schema::posts;
@ -206,7 +204,7 @@ impl Post {
.expect("Post::count_for_tag: no result error") .expect("Post::count_for_tag: no result error")
} }
pub fn count_local(conn: &Connection) -> usize { pub fn count_local(conn: &Connection) -> i64 {
use schema::post_authors; use schema::post_authors;
use schema::users; use schema::users;
let local_authors = users::table let local_authors = users::table
@ -218,9 +216,9 @@ impl Post {
posts::table posts::table
.filter(posts::id.eq_any(local_posts_id)) .filter(posts::id.eq_any(local_posts_id))
.filter(posts::published.eq(true)) .filter(posts::published.eq(true))
.load::<Post>(conn) .count()
.get_result(conn)
.expect("Post::count_local: loading error") .expect("Post::count_local: loading error")
.len() // TODO count in database?
} }
pub fn count(conn: &Connection) -> i64 { pub fn count(conn: &Connection) -> i64 {
@ -271,6 +269,15 @@ impl Post {
.expect("Post::get_for_blog:: loading error") .expect("Post::get_for_blog:: loading error")
} }
pub fn count_for_blog(conn: &Connection, blog: &Blog) -> i64 {
posts::table
.filter(posts::blog_id.eq(blog.id))
.filter(posts::published.eq(true))
.count()
.get_result(conn)
.expect("Post::count_for_blog:: count error")
}
pub fn blog_page(conn: &Connection, blog: &Blog, (min, max): (i32, i32)) -> Vec<Post> { pub fn blog_page(conn: &Connection, blog: &Blog, (min, max): (i32, i32)) -> Vec<Post> {
posts::table posts::table
.filter(posts::blog_id.eq(blog.id)) .filter(posts::blog_id.eq(blog.id))
@ -379,19 +386,21 @@ impl Post {
.expect("Post::get_blog: no result error") .expect("Post::get_blog: no result error")
} }
pub fn get_likes(&self, conn: &Connection) -> Vec<Like> { pub fn count_likes(&self, conn: &Connection) -> i64 {
use schema::likes; use schema::likes;
likes::table likes::table
.filter(likes::post_id.eq(self.id)) .filter(likes::post_id.eq(self.id))
.load::<Like>(conn) .count()
.get_result(conn)
.expect("Post::get_likes: loading error") .expect("Post::get_likes: loading error")
} }
pub fn get_reshares(&self, conn: &Connection) -> Vec<Reshare> { pub fn count_reshares(&self, conn: &Connection) -> i64 {
use schema::reshares; use schema::reshares;
reshares::table reshares::table
.filter(reshares::post_id.eq(self.id)) .filter(reshares::post_id.eq(self.id))
.load::<Reshare>(conn) .count()
.get_result(conn)
.expect("Post::get_reshares: loading error") .expect("Post::get_reshares: loading error")
} }

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@ -30,16 +30,13 @@ use std::cmp::PartialEq;
use url::Url; use url::Url;
use webfinger::*; use webfinger::*;
use blog_authors::BlogAuthor;
use blogs::Blog; use blogs::Blog;
use db_conn::DbConn; use db_conn::DbConn;
use follows::Follow; use follows::Follow;
use instance::*; use instance::*;
use likes::Like;
use medias::Media; use medias::Media;
use post_authors::PostAuthor; use post_authors::PostAuthor;
use posts::Post; use posts::Post;
use reshares::Reshare;
use safe_string::SafeString; use safe_string::SafeString;
use schema::users; use schema::users;
use search::Searcher; use search::Searcher;
@ -111,7 +108,7 @@ impl User {
Blog::find_for_author(conn, self) Blog::find_for_author(conn, self)
.iter() .iter()
.filter(|b| b.list_authors(conn).len() <= 1) .filter(|b| b.count_authors(conn) <= 1)
.for_each(|b| b.delete(conn, searcher)); .for_each(|b| b.delete(conn, searcher));
// delete the posts if they is the only author // delete the posts if they is the only author
let all_their_posts_ids: Vec<i32> = post_authors::table let all_their_posts_ids: Vec<i32> = post_authors::table
@ -170,12 +167,12 @@ impl User {
User::get(conn, self.id).expect("User::update: get error") User::get(conn, self.id).expect("User::update: get error")
} }
pub fn count_local(conn: &Connection) -> usize { pub fn count_local(conn: &Connection) -> i64 {
users::table users::table
.filter(users::instance_id.eq(Instance::local_id(conn))) .filter(users::instance_id.eq(Instance::local_id(conn)))
.load::<User>(conn) .count()
.get_result(conn)
.expect("User::count_local: loading error") .expect("User::count_local: loading error")
.len() // TODO count in database?
} }
pub fn find_local(conn: &Connection, username: &str) -> Option<User> { pub fn find_local(conn: &Connection, username: &str) -> Option<User> {
@ -641,6 +638,16 @@ impl User {
.expect("User::get_followers: loading error") .expect("User::get_followers: loading error")
} }
pub fn count_followers(&self, conn: &Connection) -> i64 {
use schema::follows;
let follows = Follow::belonging_to(self).select(follows::follower_id);
users::table
.filter(users::id.eq_any(follows))
.count()
.get_result(conn)
.expect("User::count_followers: counting error")
}
pub fn get_followers_page(&self, conn: &Connection, (min, max): (i32, i32)) -> Vec<User> { pub fn get_followers_page(&self, conn: &Connection, (min, max): (i32, i32)) -> Vec<User> {
use schema::follows; use schema::follows;
let follows = Follow::belonging_to(self).select(follows::follower_id); let follows = Follow::belonging_to(self).select(follows::follower_id);
@ -663,52 +670,52 @@ impl User {
pub fn is_followed_by(&self, conn: &Connection, other_id: i32) -> bool { pub fn is_followed_by(&self, conn: &Connection, other_id: i32) -> bool {
use schema::follows; use schema::follows;
!follows::table follows::table
.filter(follows::follower_id.eq(other_id)) .filter(follows::follower_id.eq(other_id))
.filter(follows::following_id.eq(self.id)) .filter(follows::following_id.eq(self.id))
.load::<Follow>(conn) .count()
.expect("User::is_followed_by: loading error") .get_result::<i64>(conn)
.is_empty() // TODO count in database? .expect("User::is_followed_by: loading error") > 0
} }
pub fn is_following(&self, conn: &Connection, other_id: i32) -> bool { pub fn is_following(&self, conn: &Connection, other_id: i32) -> bool {
use schema::follows; use schema::follows;
!follows::table follows::table
.filter(follows::follower_id.eq(self.id)) .filter(follows::follower_id.eq(self.id))
.filter(follows::following_id.eq(other_id)) .filter(follows::following_id.eq(other_id))
.load::<Follow>(conn) .count()
.expect("User::is_following: loading error") .get_result::<i64>(conn)
.is_empty() // TODO count in database? .expect("User::is_following: loading error") > 0
} }
pub fn has_liked(&self, conn: &Connection, post: &Post) -> bool { pub fn has_liked(&self, conn: &Connection, post: &Post) -> bool {
use schema::likes; use schema::likes;
!likes::table likes::table
.filter(likes::post_id.eq(post.id)) .filter(likes::post_id.eq(post.id))
.filter(likes::user_id.eq(self.id)) .filter(likes::user_id.eq(self.id))
.load::<Like>(conn) .count()
.expect("User::has_liked: loading error") .get_result::<i64>(conn)
.is_empty() // TODO count in database? .expect("User::has_liked: loading error") > 0
} }
pub fn has_reshared(&self, conn: &Connection, post: &Post) -> bool { pub fn has_reshared(&self, conn: &Connection, post: &Post) -> bool {
use schema::reshares; use schema::reshares;
!reshares::table reshares::table
.filter(reshares::post_id.eq(post.id)) .filter(reshares::post_id.eq(post.id))
.filter(reshares::user_id.eq(self.id)) .filter(reshares::user_id.eq(self.id))
.load::<Reshare>(conn) .count()
.expect("User::has_reshared: loading error") .get_result::<i64>(conn)
.is_empty() // TODO count in database? .expect("User::has_reshared: loading error") > 0
} }
pub fn is_author_in(&self, conn: &Connection, blog: &Blog) -> bool { pub fn is_author_in(&self, conn: &Connection, blog: &Blog) -> bool {
use schema::blog_authors; use schema::blog_authors;
!blog_authors::table blog_authors::table
.filter(blog_authors::author_id.eq(self.id)) .filter(blog_authors::author_id.eq(self.id))
.filter(blog_authors::blog_id.eq(blog.id)) .filter(blog_authors::blog_id.eq(blog.id))
.load::<BlogAuthor>(conn) .count()
.expect("User::is_author_in: loading error") .get_result::<i64>(conn)
.is_empty() // TODO count in database? .expect("User::is_author_in: loading error") > 0
} }
pub fn get_keypair(&self) -> PKey<Private> { pub fn get_keypair(&self) -> PKey<Private> {
@ -1173,7 +1180,7 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
last_username = page[0].username.clone(); last_username = page[0].username.clone();
} }
assert_eq!( assert_eq!(
User::get_local_page(conn, (0, User::count_local(conn) as i32 + 10)).len(), User::get_local_page(conn, (0, User::count_local(conn) as i32 + 10)).len() as i64,
User::count_local(conn) User::count_local(conn)
); );

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@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ use diesel::r2d2::ConnectionManager;
use rocket::State; use rocket::State;
use rocket_csrf::CsrfFairingBuilder; use rocket_csrf::CsrfFairingBuilder;
use plume_models::{DATABASE_URL, Connection, use plume_models::{DATABASE_URL, Connection,
db_conn::DbPool, search::Searcher as UnmanagedSearcher}; db_conn::{DbPool, PragmaForeignKey}, search::Searcher as UnmanagedSearcher};
use scheduled_thread_pool::ScheduledThreadPool; use scheduled_thread_pool::ScheduledThreadPool;
use std::process::exit; use std::process::exit;
use std::sync::Arc; use std::sync::Arc;
@ -59,7 +59,9 @@ fn init_pool() -> Option<DbPool> {
dotenv::dotenv().ok(); dotenv::dotenv().ok();
let manager = ConnectionManager::<Connection>::new(DATABASE_URL.as_str()); let manager = ConnectionManager::<Connection>::new(DATABASE_URL.as_str());
DbPool::new(manager).ok() DbPool::builder()
.connection_customizer(Box::new(PragmaForeignKey))
.build(manager).ok()
} }
fn main() { fn main() {

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@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ pub fn details(intl: I18n, name: String, conn: DbConn, user: Option<User>, page:
let blog = Blog::find_by_fqn(&*conn, &name) let blog = Blog::find_by_fqn(&*conn, &name)
.ok_or_else(|| render!(errors::not_found(&(&*conn, &intl.catalog, user.clone()))))?; .ok_or_else(|| render!(errors::not_found(&(&*conn, &intl.catalog, user.clone()))))?;
let posts = Post::blog_page(&*conn, &blog, page.limits()); let posts = Post::blog_page(&*conn, &blog, page.limits());
let articles = Post::get_for_blog(&*conn, &blog); // TODO only count them in DB let articles_count = Post::count_for_blog(&*conn, &blog);
let authors = &blog.list_authors(&*conn); let authors = &blog.list_authors(&*conn);
Ok(render!(blogs::details( Ok(render!(blogs::details(
@ -37,9 +37,9 @@ pub fn details(intl: I18n, name: String, conn: DbConn, user: Option<User>, page:
blog.clone(), blog.clone(),
blog.get_fqn(&*conn), blog.get_fqn(&*conn),
authors, authors,
articles.len(), articles_count,
page.0, page.0,
Page::total(articles.len() as i32), Page::total(articles_count as i32),
user.map(|x| x.is_author_in(&*conn, &blog)).unwrap_or(false), user.map(|x| x.is_author_in(&*conn, &blog)).unwrap_or(false),
posts posts
))) )))

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@ -75,8 +75,8 @@ pub fn create(blog_name: String, slug: String, form: LenientForm<NewCommentForm>
Tag::for_post(&*conn, post.id), Tag::for_post(&*conn, post.id),
comments.into_iter().filter(|c| c.in_response_to_id.is_none()).collect::<Vec<Comment>>(), comments.into_iter().filter(|c| c.in_response_to_id.is_none()).collect::<Vec<Comment>>(),
previous, previous,
post.get_likes(&*conn).len(), post.count_likes(&*conn),
post.get_reshares(&*conn).len(), post.count_reshares(&*conn),
user.has_liked(&*conn, &post), user.has_liked(&*conn, &post),
user.has_reshared(&*conn, &post), user.has_reshared(&*conn, &post),
user.is_following(&*conn, post.get_authors(&*conn)[0].id), user.is_following(&*conn, post.get_authors(&*conn)[0].id),

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@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ pub fn index(conn: DbConn, user: Option<User>, intl: I18n) -> Ructe {
render!(instance::index( render!(instance::index(
&(&*conn, &intl.catalog, user), &(&*conn, &intl.catalog, user),
inst, inst,
User::count_local(&*conn) as i32, User::count_local(&*conn),
Post::count_local(&*conn) as i32, Post::count_local(&*conn),
local, local,
federated, federated,
user_feed user_feed

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@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ pub fn notifications(conn: DbConn, user: User, page: Option<Page>, intl: I18n) -
&(&*conn, &intl.catalog, Some(user.clone())), &(&*conn, &intl.catalog, Some(user.clone())),
Notification::page_for_user(&*conn, &user, page.limits()), Notification::page_for_user(&*conn, &user, page.limits()),
page.0, page.0,
Page::total(Notification::find_for_user(&*conn, &user).len() as i32) Page::total(Notification::count_for_user(&*conn, &user) as i32)
)) ))
} }

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@ -66,8 +66,8 @@ pub fn details(blog: String, slug: String, conn: DbConn, user: Option<User>, res
Tag::for_post(&*conn, post.id), Tag::for_post(&*conn, post.id),
comments.into_iter().filter(|c| c.in_response_to_id.is_none()).collect::<Vec<Comment>>(), comments.into_iter().filter(|c| c.in_response_to_id.is_none()).collect::<Vec<Comment>>(),
previous, previous,
post.get_likes(&*conn).len(), post.count_likes(&*conn),
post.get_reshares(&*conn).len(), post.count_reshares(&*conn),
user.clone().map(|u| u.has_liked(&*conn, &post)).unwrap_or(false), user.clone().map(|u| u.has_liked(&*conn, &post)).unwrap_or(false),
user.clone().map(|u| u.has_reshared(&*conn, &post)).unwrap_or(false), user.clone().map(|u| u.has_reshared(&*conn, &post)).unwrap_or(false),
user.map(|u| u.is_following(&*conn, post.get_authors(&*conn)[0].id)).unwrap_or(false), user.map(|u| u.is_following(&*conn, post.get_authors(&*conn)[0].id)).unwrap_or(false),

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@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ pub fn follow_auth(name: String, i18n: I18n) -> Flash<Redirect> {
pub fn followers(name: String, conn: DbConn, account: Option<User>, page: Option<Page>, intl: I18n) -> Result<Ructe, Ructe> { pub fn followers(name: String, conn: DbConn, account: Option<User>, page: Option<Page>, intl: I18n) -> Result<Ructe, Ructe> {
let page = page.unwrap_or_default(); let page = page.unwrap_or_default();
let user = User::find_by_fqn(&*conn, &name).ok_or_else(|| render!(errors::not_found(&(&*conn, &intl.catalog, account.clone()))))?; let user = User::find_by_fqn(&*conn, &name).ok_or_else(|| render!(errors::not_found(&(&*conn, &intl.catalog, account.clone()))))?;
let followers_count = user.get_followers(&*conn).len(); // TODO: count in DB let followers_count = user.count_followers(&*conn);
Ok(render!(users::followers( Ok(render!(users::followers(
&(&*conn, &intl.catalog, account.clone()), &(&*conn, &intl.catalog, account.clone()),

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@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
@use template_utils::*; @use template_utils::*;
@use routes::*; @use routes::*;
@(ctx: BaseContext, blog: Blog, fqn: String, authors: &Vec<User>, total_articles: usize, page: i32, n_pages: i32, is_author: bool, posts: Vec<Post>) @(ctx: BaseContext, blog: Blog, fqn: String, authors: &Vec<User>, total_articles: i64, page: i32, n_pages: i32, is_author: bool, posts: Vec<Post>)
@:base(ctx, blog.title.as_ref(), {}, { @:base(ctx, blog.title.as_ref(), {}, {
<a href="@uri!(blogs::details: name = &fqn, page = _)">@blog.title</a> <a href="@uri!(blogs::details: name = &fqn, page = _)">@blog.title</a>

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@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
@use template_utils::*; @use template_utils::*;
@use routes::*; @use routes::*;
@(ctx: BaseContext, instance: Instance, admin: User, n_users: usize, n_articles: usize, n_instances: i64) @(ctx: BaseContext, instance: Instance, admin: User, n_users: i64, n_articles: i64, n_instances: i64)
@:base(ctx, i18n!(ctx.1, "About {0}"; instance.name.clone()).as_str(), {}, {}, { @:base(ctx, i18n!(ctx.1, "About {0}"; instance.name.clone()).as_str(), {}, {}, {
<h1>@i18n!(ctx.1, "About {0}"; instance.name)</h1> <h1>@i18n!(ctx.1, "About {0}"; instance.name)</h1>

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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
@use plume_models::posts::Post; @use plume_models::posts::Post;
@use routes::*; @use routes::*;
@(ctx: BaseContext, instance: Instance, n_users: i32, n_articles: i32, local: Vec<Post>, federated: Vec<Post>, user_feed: Option<Vec<Post>>) @(ctx: BaseContext, instance: Instance, n_users: i64, n_articles: i64, local: Vec<Post>, federated: Vec<Post>, user_feed: Option<Vec<Post>>)
@:base(ctx, instance.name.clone().as_ref(), {}, {}, { @:base(ctx, instance.name.clone().as_ref(), {}, {}, {
<h1>@i18n!(ctx.1, "Welcome on {}"; instance.name.as_str())</h1> <h1>@i18n!(ctx.1, "Welcome on {}"; instance.name.as_str())</h1>

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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
@use plume_models::instance::Instance; @use plume_models::instance::Instance;
@use routes::*; @use routes::*;
@(ctx: BaseContext, instance: Instance, n_users: i32, n_articles: i32) @(ctx: BaseContext, instance: Instance, n_users: i64, n_articles: i64)
<section class="spaced"> <section class="spaced">
<div class="cards"> <div class="cards">

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@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
@use routes::comments::NewCommentForm; @use routes::comments::NewCommentForm;
@use routes::*; @use routes::*;
@(ctx: BaseContext, article: Post, blog: Blog, comment_form: &NewCommentForm, comment_errors: ValidationErrors, tags: Vec<Tag>, comments: Vec<Comment>, previous_comment: Option<Comment>, n_likes: usize, n_reshares: usize, has_liked: bool, has_reshared: bool, is_following: bool, author: User) @(ctx: BaseContext, article: Post, blog: Blog, comment_form: &NewCommentForm, comment_errors: ValidationErrors, tags: Vec<Tag>, comments: Vec<Comment>, previous_comment: Option<Comment>, n_likes: i64, n_reshares: i64, has_liked: bool, has_reshared: bool, is_following: bool, author: User)
@:base(ctx, &article.title.clone(), { @:base(ctx, &article.title.clone(), {
<meta property="og:title" content="@article.title"/> <meta property="og:title" content="@article.title"/>